network_namespaces — overview of Linux network namespaces
Network namespaces provide isolation of the system
resources associated with networking: network devices, IPv4
and IPv6 protocol stacks, IP routing tables, firewall rules,
the /proc/net directory (which
is a symbolic link to /proc/PID/net), the /sys/class/net directory, various files
under /proc/sys/net, port
numbers (sockets), and so on. In addition, network namespaces
isolate the UNIX domain abstract socket namespace (see
unix(7)).
A physical network device can live in exactly one network namespace. When a network namespace is freed (i.e., when the last process in the namespace terminates), its physical network devices are moved back to the initial network namespace (not to the parent of the process).
A virtual network (veth(4)) device pair provides a pipe-like abstraction that can be used to create tunnels between network namespaces, and can be used to create a bridge to a physical network device in another namespace. When a namespace is freed, the veth(4) devices that it contains are destroyed.
Use of network namespaces requires a kernel that is
configured with the CONFIG_NET_NS option.
nsenter(1), unshare(1), clone(2), veth(4), proc(5), sysfs(5), namespaces(7), user_namespaces(7), brctl(8), ip(8), ip-address(8), ip-link(8), ip-netns(8), iptables(8), ovs-vsctl(8)
This page is part of release 5.11 of the Linux man-pages project. A
description of the project, information about reporting bugs,
and the latest version of this page, can be found at
https://www.kernel.org/doc/man−pages/.
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