Enable human-readable output. See also −−color, −−reltime and −−nopager.

Print kernel messages.

Colorize the output. The optional argument when can be auto, never or always. If the when argument is omitted, it defaults to auto. The colors can be disabled; for the current built-in default see the −−help output. See also the COLORS section below.

Restrict output to the given (comma-separated) list of levels. For example:

Set the level at which printing of messages is done to the console. The level is a level number or abbreviation of the level name. For all supported levels see the −−help output.

For example, −n 1 or −n emerg prevents all messages, except emergency (panic) messages, from appearing on the console. All levels of messages are still written to /proc/kmsg, so syslogd(8) can still be used to control exactly where kernel messages appear. When the −n option is used, dmesg will not print or clear the kernel ring buffer.

The unprintable and potentially unsafe characters (e.g., broken multi-byte sequences, terminal controlling chars, etc.) are escaped in format \x<hex> for security reason by default. This option disables this feature at all. It's usable for example for debugging purpose together with −−raw. Be careful and don't use it by default.

Do not pipe output into a pager. A pager is enabled by default for −−human output.

Add facility, level or timestamp information to each line of a multi-line message.

Print the raw message buffer, i.e., do not strip the log-level prefixes, but all unprintable characters are still escaped (see also −−noescape).

Note that the real raw format depends on the method how dmesg(1) reads kernel messages. The /dev/kmsg device uses a different format than syslog(2). For backward compatibility, dmesg(1) returns data always in the syslog(2) format. It is possible to read the real raw data from /dev/kmsg by, for example, the command 'dd if=/dev/kmsg iflag=nonblock'.

Force dmesg to use the syslog(2) kernel interface to read kernel messages. The default is to use /dev/kmsg rather than syslog(2) since kernel 3.5.0.

Use a buffer of size to query the kernel ring buffer. This is 16392 by default. (The default kernel syslog buffer size was 4096 at first, 8192 since 1.3.54, 16384 since 2.1.113.) If you have set the kernel buffer to be larger than the default, then this option can be used to view the entire buffer.

Print human-readable timestamps.

Be aware that the timestamp could be inaccurate! The time source used for the logs is not updated after system SUSPEND/RESUME. Timestamps are adjusted according to current delta between boottime and monotonic clocks, this works only for messages printed after last resume.

Do not print kernel's timestamps.

Print timestamps using the given format, which can be ctime, reltime, delta or iso. The first three formats are aliases of the time-format-specific options. The iso format is a dmesg implementation of the ISO-8601 timestamp format. The purpose of this format is to make the comparing of timestamps between two systems, and any other parsing, easy. The definition of the iso timestamp is: YYYY-MM-DD<T>HH:MM:SS,<microseconds><-+><timezone offset from UTC>.

The iso format has the same issue as ctime: the time may be inaccurate when a system is suspended and resumed.

Print userspace messages.

Wait for new messages. This feature is supported only on systems with a readable /dev/kmsg (since kernel 3.5.0).

Wait and print only new messages.

Decode facility and level (priority) numbers to human-readable prefixes.

Display version information and exit.

Display help text and exit.